Describe the sequence of histological changes seen in the myocardium in the first two weeks following a transmural myocardial infarction.

List the major modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for ischaemic heart disease.

Outline the major mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction and the approximate time window in which each typically occurs.

Explain why chronic hypertension leads to concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, and describe the eventual consequences if the hypertension remains uncontrolled.

Describe the vascular changes seen in malignant hypertension and the organs most commonly affected.

List 3 different causes of an aneurysm (3 marks)

List 3 complications associated with congenital heart diseases (3 marks)

Mention 3 factors that determine the signs and symptoms of congenital heart diseases (3 marks)

Name 3 heart defects included in critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) screening (3 marks)

Name 5 different causes of secondary hypertension (5 marks)

Name 3 endocrine causes of hypertension (3 marks)

Mention 4 key clinical findings which help in diagnosing pregnant women with pre-eclampsia (4 marks)

Mention 6 laboratory parameters which are indicative of pre-eclampsia (6 marks)

List 3 complications of mitral valve prolapse (3 marks)

Mention 3 complications of rheumatic fever (3 marks)

Give the name of the bacterium commonly responsible for causing the following: (a) Native valve infective endocarditis (b) Prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (c) Dental-procedure-related infective endocarditis (3 marks)

List down three main characteristics of Libman-Sacks Endocarditis (LSE) (3 marks)